Chapter 69 Nursing Management Emergency, Terrorism, and...

Lewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Edition Chapter 69: Nursing Management: Emergency, Terrorism, and Disaster Nursing Key Points – Printable CARE OF EMERGENCY PATIENT * Triage refers to the process of rapidly determining the acuity of the patient’s problem. It works on the premise that patients who have a threat to life must be treated before other patients. * The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level triage system that incorporates concepts of illness severity and resource utilization to determine who should be treated first. * After the initial assessment to determine the presence of actual or potential threats to life, appropriate interventions are initiated for the patient’s condition. * The†¦show more content†¦* Patients with mild hypothermia (93.2 º F-96.8 º F [34 º C-36 º C]) have shivering, lethargy, confusion, rational to irrational behavior, and minor heart rate changes. * Moderate hypothermia (86 º F-93.2 º F [30 º C-34 º C]) causes rigidity, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate, blood pressure only by Doppler, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and hypovo lemia. Shivering diminishes or disappears at temperatures ≠¤86 º F (30 º C). * Severe hypothermia (lt;86 º F [30 º C]) is a severe and potentially life-threatening situation that makes the person appear dead. Profound bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or asystole may be present. Every effort is made to warm the patient to at least 86 º F (30 º C) before the person is pronounced dead. The cause of death is usually refractory ventricular fibrillation. Treatment of hypothermia focuses on managing and maintaining ABCs, rewarming the patient, correcting dehydration and acidosis, and treating cardiac dysrhythmias. * * SUBMERSION INJURIES Submersion injury results when a person becomes hypoxic because of submersion in a substance, usually water. Drowning is death from suffocation after submersion in water or other fluid. Near-drowning is defined as survival from potential drowning. Immersion syndrome occurs with immersion in cold water that leads to stimulation of the vagus nerve and potentially fatal dysrhythmias. * Treatment of submersionShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 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A Summary On Parkinson s Disease - 2850 Words

Introduction In 1817, James Parkinson first described a disease, later to be known as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) as a; neurodegenerative disorder affecting the physical, psychological, social, and functional status of individuals (Parkinson Society Canada Staff, 1965). In the time since the disease was first described, the frequency of individuals affected with the disease has increased, with no single cause yet to be identified as the culprit for the onset of the disease. According to the Parkinson’s society Society of Canada, approximately one hundred thousand Canadians live with this debilitating disease (Parkinson Society Canada Staff, 1965). Not only has no successful cure for Parkinson’s been developed, there has yet to be any diagnostic tools developed that prove any suredefinite diagnosis (Parkinson Society Canada Staff, 1965). To this point, Parkinson’s is a disease that continues to impact a higher percentage of the population each year, with no true hope being given to those that struggle with the impairment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of our knowledge on PD to date, describing the physiology behind the deficits that PD is responsible for, the known causes and risk factors, the signs and symptoms, and finally any known treatments that help to reduce the impairments of PD. Physiology The origin of the impairments of PD disease start in the basal ganglia, the basal ganglia in laymen terms would be defined as the basic cluster of nuclei, locatedShow MoreRelatedNational Parkinson s Foundation : A Progressive Disorder Of The Central Nervous System1249 Words   |  5 PagesNational Parkinson s Foundation Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central Nervous system and affects both motor and nonmotor functions. parkinson s is caused by a chemical imbalance within the brain. 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Discrimination in fairytales Free Essays

string(64) " will somehow help the character to regain what they have lost\." What do you think about fairytales? Do you think about a pretty little princess waiting for her prince or a dark sensual world of make-believe that revolves around violence? I seriously doubt it’s the latter. This is because fairytales have drastically changed over the centuries. The modern versions we know today were preceded by a much darker kind of story, one that played heavily on the ideas of superstition, the devil and violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination in fairytales or any similar topic only for you Order Now Genders weren’t as heavily criticised. Heroines used to save themselves and others too, usually with brains or charm opposed to brawn. But at least they were trying. An example of this could be â€Å"Sleeping Beauty†, Perrault’s version, where the Princess saves herself and her two children from her husband’s evil stepmother, by cooking a goat; instead of one of the children as the ogress requested. Her husband then comes in to save her. She played a crucial part in the story: saving her children from the cannibalism of their father’s step-mother. Cannibalism is certainly frowned on in society, but is in fact actually a rather common theme in fairytales: Red Riding Hood also originally included cannibalism. The Wolf left the Grandmother’s blood and meat for the girl to eat. After she unwittingly cannibalises her grandmother, she sometimes strips for the wolf and gets into bed with it. He then either eats her or ties her to a piece of string. She usually escapes using her own cunning. This is quite different from the grandma-loving biscuit-carrying Red Riding Hood of today. It actually comes across as a story more about child molesting, or at the very least, lust. The story is sometimes seen as a parable of sexual awakening. The red cloak symbolises the blood of the menstruation cycle or the hymen, although earlier versions of the tale do not state the cloak is red. The anthropomorphic wolf can symbolise a lover, a seducer, a rapist, or a molester. This is clearly a rather different take on the Red Riding Hood than we’re used to. It seems to be a rather mature disturbing tale. I don’t think it’s necessarily something we would want our children exposed to. But that was how they were originally written. At least until they were bowdlerised by the Grimm brothers. Fairy stories were originally gothic tales and scary stories about what might come and take you in the night; they were far removed from the Disney classics. The Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm, were born in Germany in the late 18th century. In an effort to preserve Germany’s heritage and promote cultural unity, they collected a vast array of folk and fairy tales from their fellow Germans-mostly middle- and upper-class friends. Although their original intent was to preserve the stories exactly as told, one edit led to another, and soon they had given the stories a literary style and released them as Kinder- und Hausmirchen (Children’s and Household Tales. ) Because their intended audience included children, the Grimms selectively bowdlerised the tales they published, notably removing evil mothers and replacing them with step-mothers (as in the case of †Snow White†), and removing implications of sex and pregnancy (as in †Rapunzel†). However, because standards of child-friendliness have shifted in the past 200 years, some of the Grimms’ stories are now considered family unfriendly and the deaths written in them are considered to be shockingly violent. This was not the view at the time. So basically they took a fornicating girl in a tower, and turned her into a damsel in distress. This was not quite the same idea. This gave rise to the dependent needy princesses and maidens that feature so heavily in today’s fairytales. These are characters that belittle everything that women fight and give their lives to achieve. And ironically it is the past stories that show less anti-feminism even though people were actually more sexist in that period. At least those women had some self-respect and the ability to plot, and in rare cases, use weapons. The blonde stereotype of women in modern fairytales is unparalleled. From a young age, it’s almost as if we are being trained to indulge in the ideals of vanity and sexual dependence. Well excuse me†¦ but I’d rather not. It seems to me that this is the start of young girls’ urge and desperation for ‘the look’: this is something that many women will diet and exercise to achieve. Although as girls age they graduate off pretty princesses and onto fashion icons and models. I’m completely against this idea, partly because I’m a perpetrator of wanting ‘the look’ myself, and the fact that I will never achieve it. In other fairytales, a heroine is willingly bound by a spell, whereas a male character may be cursed because he has refused to yield something, for example shelter, in ‘Beauty and the Beast’. If the female character is cursed unwillingly, she is cursed by a malignant character that is as ugly as her personality. This is the exact opposite of the maiden who is cursed. This amplifies the idea that beauty is idyllic and good and ugliness is evil and unforgivable. This isn’t a very good role model for children and I find this interesting because it seems to reflect our desire for beauty. However, the reality is that women are not all beautiful and if they aren’t, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are nasty unpleasant people. Some villains do have a sort of beauty, but this is usually a sharp-featured frightening beauty that terrifies the younger generation. A wronged women in a fairytale may take the form of a particular animal to escape an evil stepmother or an unwanted marriage. The animal they take is usually reflective of their main traits. For example a graceful and delicate woman may take the form of a swan or a doe. These are animals that are considered to be beautiful. Their fellow animals will provide some company and will somehow help the character to regain what they have lost. You read "Discrimination in fairytales" in category "Papers" This animalistic form gives the character a connection to nature and separates them from society. They become wilder and less sophisticated, embracing a more instinctual kind of beauty. So characters have also gone from blonde to beast, the opposite of the current situation-where blondes prevail far more than beasts. Beastly women, however, are often considered to be connected the Devil, like ‘wild woman’ who is the devil’s offspring. Lots of hair or fur seems to show some relation to evil, perhaps as it isn’t very attractive. This can be compared with the Elizabethan saying ‘Bush natural more hair than wit’ which means that people with lots of hair or fur are supposed to be primitive, inferior, sexual and beastly. These weren’t exactly desirable traits either at the time or now. Nowadays there seems to be a teeming population of blondes in fairy stories. An example could be â€Å"La Belle aux cheveux d’or† who had hair ‘finer than gold’ that was ‘marvellously wonderfully blonde’ and was ‘curly and fell to her feet’. This is a rather pleasing image: a beauty with long wondrously blonde hair. The story claims ‘you couldn’t look upon her without loving her’. A rather amazing claim: that a woman or man may just gaze upon her and find themselves desperately in love with her, whether in a sexual way or not. This seems to be an illustration of the power possessed by mere appearances. The word blonde comes from the Latin ‘blandus’ meaning charming. So in the past it had no implications of sex or great femininity. It also comes from the Medieval Latin ‘blundus’ meaning yellow, which only serves to describe the colour not the appeal. In the 14th century, Chaucer began to use the word ‘blondinet’ or ‘blondin’, which was an affectionate diminutive. In fact it was mainly used for boys. Nowadays we don’t think of boys being blonde in the same way girls are. Blonde began to become exclusively female and suggested sweetness, charm and youthfulness: everything a young princess would desire. Only in the 30’s and 40’s did the word acquire ‘hot’ vampirish undertones and begin to be desired almost obsessively. The word blonde symbolises femininity and beauty; things that women crave beyond reason. However, the reality is that it’s just a hair colour and that there are women of all hair colours- black, brown, red, grey†¦ white, if you count albinos- that are as beautiful as blondes. More disturbingly perhaps, in recent years the word blonde has been yoked with ‘dumb’ to depict a particular character type. Not only is the heroine nearly always blonde, but she is always young. This seems rather ageist to me and isn’t the sort of idea that we would want our children brainwashed with. Do we want them to idolise the youthful and not respect that the elderly can achieve things themselves? No. They should understand from a young age that you can’t use people and that OAP’s are not a step of the stairway of success, as people is fairy stories often do. The heroine never possesses great wisdom and seems to get things and assistance by flicking her hair and batting her eyelashes. Wow†¦ that’s very useful. I don’t think that that should be something that children aspire to be like. Intelligence and knowledge are more important than beauty, and fairytales seem to miss this. So the prince can slay a dragon, but can he win a game of checkers? I wouldn’t count on it. It seems to me that in fairytales, only the villains seem to possess a decent IQ, as they’re the only characters that use their brains or cunning to conjure up a scheme. Heroes rely on courage. I think it’s almost sad that in the stories strength and beauty are idolised and seem to triumph over intelligence. This is similar today, however, if we think about how the bullies of the world act all big and tough, but aren’t the brightest bulbs around. They tend to pick on the weak, so in today’s world that would be the geek. Rather sad, don’t you think? The stereotype of a maiden in fairy stories is dependent, needy and waiting for her happily-ever after. This is not exactly an image to aspire to. After all why would a woman need a man? She could get on perfectly well on her own. As the feminist saying goes, â€Å"A women needs a man, like a fish needs a bicycle. † However, I think this is a little extreme. Perhaps this dreadful stereotype of women could be remedied if half the time the women went out to save the men. Perhaps it would ruin the men’s egos, but at least the women could be portrayed with a little self-respect and not a day-dreaming ditz who has the attention span of a goldfish. The 90’s Disney movies tried desperately to do this. Ariel, Belle and Mulan who rush to the aid of their lovers are the examples of this. I decided to write about fairytales because there are so many issues surrounding them. I remember them with fondness from my childhood, and I would want to read them to my children and grandchildren. I think gender discrimination is a serious issue. Just because someone has an X and a Y chromosome or two X’s, it doesn’t mean they are any better than the other. I think feminism is a step too far in the other direction however. Being co-dependent isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Men need women too. Fairytales show both sides of this as well. The prince rescues his princess as he can’t live without her and the maiden loves the man because†¦ well who can resist a man on a white horse? Not me! They are simple stories that are debated hotly because of the context of them. Are they too violent? Are they too idealistic? Are they too perfect? Fairytales are all about love and romance. They are about good triumphing over evil in a series of unlikely events. They tell us of deeds of valour and bravery in a time that we can only imagine. They show us how a poor little maid can fall in love and become a princess. The characters may be seriously flawed and have many issues, but they are stories. Wonderful stories. Stories that we read time and time again so that we can dream of being that brave knight or that damsel in distress. I think that my childhood would not have been the same without Chicken Licken or the Princess and the Pea. I think that even though they are unrealistic and give people impossible expectations and dreams, they are a part of our culture. To edit them, as the Grimm brothers did, would destroy a time long-forgotten. I think that they still exist today. The royalty of today is the celebrities-actors and models. We look at them and wish we were like them, just as the people of the Renaissance would have looked at a princess and thought ‘I wish I was her†¦ ‘ Dreaming is in our nature and to change that for the sake of a few misconceptions would be unforgivable. How to cite Discrimination in fairytales, Papers

Business Communication Innovation and Science

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication for Innovation and Science. Answer: Introduction: This particular article has highlighted about the importance of food labeling in order to draw the attention of consumers. It has been observed that most of the consumers show their interest to purchase those foods that are labeled in an organized manner. As per the perception of consumers, labeling helps to keep the product more healthy, safe and environmental friendly. Labels are the sign of authenticity. Whenever one individual company tends to point out the ingredients that have been used in their product at the time of manufacture, this specific company has to be very much concerned about that fact. Consumers can take an immediate step against the company if any single information is proved wrong. Therefore, customers tend to trust on labeling. This particular article has concentrated to highlight several factors that affect the sustainability of customers. Before purchasing a particular product especially food customers intend to get a clear overview about the reliability of th is specific product. Labeling is one of the major sources based on which the customers can rely on the product. However, this particular article has primarily concentrated to discuss on the importance of food labeling for drawing the attention of the customers. The positive and negative outcome of food labeling has not been mentioned in this specific article. In this particular article, the author has primarily pointed out that labeling is not devoid of some of its major negative effects as well. Labeling is the ultimate cause of reducing the quality of life. The author has stated in this article that labeling is the prcised version of advertising or propaganda. Therefore, in order to promote a particular brand or product, the company intends to use some of the epithets or adjectives before the products, which helps to promote the brand more effectively. Customers on the other hand being influenced with those hypothetical words show their interest to purchase the product. As a result, the way that the product has been promoted cannot match satisfactory level of the consumers. Consequently, a satisfaction gap has been created between the customers and the service providers. Customers tend to show their extreme reluctance to rely on the company anymore. However, this particular article only focuses to discuss on the negative impact of label ing. Labeling is not devoid of some of its positive impacts as well. The author has deliberately avoided pointing out the positive factors of labeling. The positive factors of labeling should also be discussed in this particular article. Customers get a detailed overview from labeling that helps the company to maintain organizational image and reputation. This particular article has pointed out that branding and labeling is one of the most effective tools of promotion in order to draw customers attention. Before using a particular product, customers always show their interest to have an in-depth knowledge and experience about the reliability of this brand or products. Company before making the labeling of their brand should concentrate on several factors. The organization should not use such kind of exaggerative words that can create a doubt on the mind of consumers. In addition, the service providers can easily reach the doorstep of the customers of various geographical boundaries after labeling or branding it. As a result, regional customers are deprived of getting an effective service from the company. The service providers keep themselves busy on exporting the product in other country rather than maintain a balance between demand and supply in their own region. Therefore, as per authors point of view branding and labeling is a maj or problem to use the product effectively for the regional customers. This particular article has only focused on how labeling may affect the regional growth of business. Proper labeling helps to gain the trust of regional customers. In order to provide the service, the organizations have to be concerned on some of the major factors. Organizations should always provide first priority for satisfying the needs and demands of regional customers. Newspaper article: This particular article has primarily concentrated to highlight the several laws and regulations that Australian government intends to implement in the food industry. As per the point of view of this author, an effective law should be implemented so that the production executives should never intend to import the ingredients from another country. Consumers have every right to know the source of the ingredients based on which the products have been made. The authenticity of manufacturing a food should be the primary concern of every food and beverage. Implementing a law or regulation enhances the scope to take any kind of legal action on behalf of the organization as well as the customers. If the customers feel any dishonesty regarding the origin of products and services, they have every right in taking an immediate step against the company. The production managers should concentrate on the fact that product origin is one of the vital elements. Based on the product origin the consumer s tend to show their interest for purchasing their products. Customers should never repent later for purchasing the product from any organization, which fails to provide the authenticity of product origin. This article has focused to discuss on the important laws and regulations that food industries have to maintain at the time of labeling a specific brand. Government publication: This particular article has pointed out that labeling is highly important for providing detailed overview about the brand or a product. Customers get to know about the price range, manufacturing date and the date of expiries. The entire ingredients of the products have also been mentioned in the product labeling. Therefore, the entire concept of labeling is not at all bad. At the same time, the organization should never misuse the positive impact of labeling. Labeling should not be used as the tool of promotion. People should not mention such kind of hypothetical words based on which customers show their interest for purchasing the product. At the end of the promotion, if this particular customer fails to get a positive result from the product, this individual provides an extreme negative feedback against the organization. It hampers the image and reputation of that particular organization immensely. This specific article has provided an in-depth knowledge and information about both the positive and negative impact of labeling. Only one particular factor has not been clearly mentioned here. The author has not mentioned various aspects that highly affect the entire process of labeling. Propaganda is one of the major factors that seriously affect the main purpose of labeling. Reference List: Loureiro, M.L. and McCluskey, J.J., 2000. Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for food labeling: A discussion of empirical studies.Journal of Food Distribution Research,34(3), pp.95-102. Crdoba, J., Reyes, J., Esteban, J.I. and Hernndez, J.M., 2003. Labeling may be an important cause of reduced quality of life in chronic hepatitis C.The American journal of gastroenterology,98(1), p.226. Schleyerbach, K. and von Alvensleben, R., 1998, April. The Problem of labeling and branding regional products. InAIR-CAT WORKSHOP: Consumer Preferences for Products of the Own Region/Country and Consequences for the Food Marketing(Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 77-89). Foodmag.com.au. (2016).Food Beverage. [online] Available at: https://foodmag.com.au [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. [online] Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Crdoba, J., Reyes, J., Esteban, J.I. and Hernndez, J.M., 2003. Labeling may be an important cause of reduced quality of life in chronic hepatitis C.The American journal of gastroenterology,98(1), p.226. Foodmag.com.au. (2016).Food Beverage. [online] Available at: https://foodmag.com.au [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. [online] Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Loureiro, M.L. and McCluskey, J.J., 2000. Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for food labeling: A discussion of empirical studies.Journal of Food Distribution Research,34(3), pp.95-102. Schleyerbach, K. and von Alvensleben, R., 1998, April. The Problem of labeling and branding regional products. InAIR-CAT WORKSHOP: Consumer Preferences for Products of the Own Region/Country and Consequences for the Food Marketing(Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 77-89).